胡爱国教授研究组

 

20165月,在为《高分子学报》期刊撰写专论时萌生了总结现有高分子合成方法的念头,希望为新进入这个领域的学生提供一些参考。高分子化学的进展可谓是日新月异,有些聚合反应方法在相当长的时间里是被归属于逐步聚合反应的,但近年来却有人通过机理转变等方法将其转为链式聚合反应(如Kumada缩合聚合反应);有些聚合反应堪要被高分子科学主流抛弃,但还有人顽强坚守住这块阵地,拓展出了新的发展空间(如Bergman环化聚合反应);而一些经典的有机合成反应也于近年华丽转身为高分子合成反应(如Click反应)。有鉴于此,对聚合反应的综合和细分是一件非常困难的事。

 

以下这个表可看作是这种尝试的1.0版本(也许早有人做过类似的事,但重要的事情多说几遍也无妨)。可以肯定的一点是,它至少涵盖了目前高分子合成方法学七成以上的内容。所列参考文献只说明该文献里涉及到了这种聚合反应,不代表该文献在该领域的权威性。如果对这种聚合反应方法感兴趣,可籍此文献通过引用网络的方式找到最合适的文献。

 

如果您发现下表中分类有缺失、含混、错误等情况,请联系我,非常感谢!我将及时予以订正。

 

反应大类

反应小类

聚合反应细分

代表单体

文献

链式聚合反应

自由基聚合反应

传统自由基聚合反应

苯乙烯,MMAEAEPA,丙烯腈等

1-6

ATRP

苯乙烯,丙烯腈,丙烯酸酯,丙烯酰胺等

7-9

RAFT

苯乙烯,丙烯酸酯,丁二烯,丙烯腈等

10-13

NMRP

苯乙烯,丙烯酸酯

14-16

阴离子聚合反应

 

苯乙烯,异戊二烯

17-19

配位聚合反应

 

乙烯,丙烯,多取代烯烃

20-25

 

α-烯烃

25-27

 

二烯

28-30

 

炔烃

31-34

 

异腈

35-37

 

噻吩

38-40

阳离子聚合反应

 

苯乙烯,异丁烯

41-44

 

苯甲醛,丁酮

45-48

开环聚合反应

开环复分解聚合反应

降冰片烯,二环庚二烯,环戊烯,二环戊二烯,环辛烯

49-52

环酯开环聚合反应

己内酯,丙交酯,丁内酯,环碳酸酯,环磷酸酯

53-55

环醚开环聚合反应

环氧乙烷,环氧丙烷,四氢呋喃

56,57

环胺开环聚合反应

氮丙啶,氮杂环丁烷

58,59

环酰胺开环聚合反应

己内酰胺,β-内酰胺,β-内酰胺糖

60-62

环内酸酐开环聚合反应

NCAN-取代NCA

63-65

环缩醛开环聚合反应

三聚甲醛,二氧戊环

66,67

环硫化物开环聚合反应

环硫乙烷,环硫丙烷,硫化异丁烯,多环烯丙基硫化物

68-70

硅杂环开环聚合

环二甲基硅烷

71,72

逐步聚合反应

缩合聚合反应(有小分子副产物生成)

氧化聚合反应

苯并噻吩,乙烯二氧噻吩,3-己基噻吩,咔唑

73-76

直接芳香化聚合反应

辛氧基噻吩,二辛基-二溴代芴3-己基噻吩,联噻吩;多卤代芳烃

77,78

Suzuki 反应

四溴芘,四溴苯基苯,均三溴苯;联苯二硼酸,二硼酸酯,二硼酸

79-81

Kumada反应

芳基卤,芳基格氏试剂。注:部分属于链式聚合

82-84

Sonogashira 反应

三乙炔基苯,对二溴苯

85-88

Heck反应

烯烃,芳基卤

89-91

Stille反应

芳基三丁基锡,芳基卤

92

Negishi反应

芳基锌试剂,芳基卤

93

Yamamoto 反应

多卤代芳烃

94-96

Ullman反应

多卤代芳烃

97-99

Schiff 碱反应

对苯二胺,均苯三羧酸

100-102

尼龙66及类似物的合成

己二胺,己二酸

103-105

聚酰亚胺-缩聚反应

均苯四甲酸酐+对苯二胺

106-108

PET合成-缩聚反应

对苯二甲酸+乙二醇

109-111

芳族取代反应

双酚A的钠盐+44‘-二氯代二苯基砜

112,113

氧化偶合反应

氧气+26-二甲基苯酚

114-116

MCP (Ugi, Passerini, Biginelli, Kabachnik-Fields反应)

异氰++羧酸

117-120

FriedelCrafts反应

芳烃,二甲氧基甲烷

121-123

偶联聚合反应(无小分子副产物生成)

Bergman环化反应

烯二炔

124-126

环三聚反应

炔烃,腈

127-129

聚氨酯、聚脲的合成

二异氰酸酯,多元醇,多元胺

130-132

聚噻嗪的合成

异腈,二烷基丁炔二酸酯 ,硫脲嘧啶

133-135

二氧化碳参与聚合反应

二氧化碳,环氧,氮丙啶

136-140

环氧树脂的固化

酸酐、环氧氯丙烷;环氧氯丙烷、双酚A

141-143

Click聚合反应

多叠氮,多炔烃

144,145

Diels-Alder反应

炔烃,环戊二烯酮

146-148

 

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