胡爱国教授研究组
2016年5月,在为《高分子学报》期刊撰写专论时萌生了总结现有高分子合成方法的念头,希望为新进入这个领域的学生提供一些参考。高分子化学的进展可谓是日新月异,有些聚合反应方法在相当长的时间里是被归属于逐步聚合反应的,但近年来却有人通过机理转变等方法将其转为链式聚合反应(如Kumada缩合聚合反应);有些聚合反应堪堪要被高分子科学主流抛弃,但还有人顽强坚守住这块阵地,拓展出了新的发展空间(如Bergman环化聚合反应);而一些经典的有机合成反应也于近年华丽转身为高分子合成反应(如Click反应)。有鉴于此,对聚合反应的综合和细分是一件非常困难的事。
以下这个表可看作是这种尝试的1.0版本(也许早有人做过类似的事,但重要的事情多说几遍也无妨)。可以肯定的一点是,它至少涵盖了目前高分子合成方法学七成以上的内容。所列参考文献只说明该文献里涉及到了这种聚合反应,不代表该文献在该领域的权威性。如果对这种聚合反应方法感兴趣,可籍此文献通过引用网络的方式找到最合适的文献。
如果您发现下表中分类有缺失、含混、错误等情况,请联系我,非常感谢!我将及时予以订正。
反应大类
|
反应小类
|
聚合反应细分
|
代表单体
|
文献
|
链式聚合反应
|
自由基聚合反应
|
传统自由基聚合反应
|
苯乙烯,MMA,EAEPA,丙烯腈等
|
1-6
|
ATRP
|
苯乙烯,丙烯腈,丙烯酸酯,丙烯酰胺等
|
7-9
|
RAFT
|
苯乙烯,丙烯酸酯,丁二烯,丙烯腈等
|
10-13
|
NMRP
|
苯乙烯,丙烯酸酯
|
14-16
|
阴离子聚合反应
|
|
苯乙烯,异戊二烯
|
17-19
|
配位聚合反应
|
|
乙烯,丙烯,多取代烯烃
|
20-25
|
|
α-烯烃
|
25-27
|
|
二烯
|
28-30
|
|
炔烃
|
31-34
|
|
异腈
|
35-37
|
|
噻吩
|
38-40
|
阳离子聚合反应
|
|
苯乙烯,异丁烯
|
41-44
|
|
苯甲醛,丁酮
|
45-48
|
开环聚合反应
|
开环复分解聚合反应
|
降冰片烯,二环庚二烯,环戊烯,二环戊二烯,环辛烯
|
49-52
|
环酯开环聚合反应
|
己内酯,丙交酯,丁内酯,环碳酸酯,环磷酸酯
|
53-55
|
环醚开环聚合反应
|
环氧乙烷,环氧丙烷,四氢呋喃
|
56,57
|
环胺开环聚合反应
|
氮丙啶,氮杂环丁烷
|
58,59
|
环酰胺开环聚合反应
|
己内酰胺,β-内酰胺,β-内酰胺糖
|
60-62
|
环内酸酐开环聚合反应
|
NCA,N-取代NCA
|
63-65
|
环缩醛开环聚合反应
|
三聚甲醛,二氧戊环
|
66,67
|
环硫化物开环聚合反应
|
环硫乙烷,环硫丙烷,硫化异丁烯,多环烯丙基硫化物
|
68-70
|
硅杂环开环聚合
|
环二甲基硅烷
|
71,72
|
逐步聚合反应
|
缩合聚合反应(有小分子副产物生成)
|
氧化聚合反应
|
苯并噻吩,乙烯二氧噻吩,3-己基噻吩,咔唑
|
73-76
|
直接芳香化聚合反应
|
辛氧基噻吩,二辛基-二溴代芴,3-己基噻吩,联噻吩;多卤代芳烃
|
77,78
|
Suzuki 反应
|
四溴芘,四溴苯基苯,均三溴苯;联苯二硼酸,二硼酸酯,二硼酸
|
79-81
|
Kumada反应
|
芳基卤,芳基格氏试剂。注:部分属于链式聚合
|
82-84
|
Sonogashira 反应
|
三乙炔基苯,对二溴苯
|
85-88
|
Heck反应
|
烯烃,芳基卤
|
89-91
|
Stille反应
|
芳基三丁基锡,芳基卤
|
92
|
Negishi反应
|
芳基锌试剂,芳基卤
|
93
|
Yamamoto 反应
|
多卤代芳烃
|
94-96
|
Ullman反应
|
多卤代芳烃
|
97-99
|
Schiff 碱反应
|
对苯二胺,均苯三羧酸
|
100-102
|
尼龙66及类似物的合成
|
己二胺,己二酸
|
103-105
|
聚酰亚胺-缩聚反应
|
均苯四甲酸酐+对苯二胺
|
106-108
|
PET合成-缩聚反应
|
对苯二甲酸+乙二醇
|
109-111
|
芳族取代反应
|
双酚A的钠盐+4,4‘-二氯代二苯基砜
|
112,113
|
氧化偶合反应
|
氧气+2,6-二甲基苯酚
|
114-116
|
MCP (Ugi, Passerini,
Biginelli, Kabachnik-Fields反应)
|
异氰+醛+羧酸
|
117-120
|
Friedel–Crafts反应
|
芳烃,二甲氧基甲烷
|
121-123
|
偶联聚合反应(无小分子副产物生成)
|
Bergman环化反应
|
烯二炔
|
124-126
|
环三聚反应
|
炔烃,腈
|
127-129
|
聚氨酯、聚脲的合成
|
二异氰酸酯,多元醇,多元胺
|
130-132
|
聚噻嗪的合成
|
异腈,二烷基丁炔二酸酯 ,硫脲嘧啶
|
133-135
|
二氧化碳参与聚合反应
|
二氧化碳,环氧,氮丙啶
|
136-140
|
环氧树脂的固化
|
酸酐、环氧氯丙烷;环氧氯丙烷、双酚A
|
141-143
|
Click聚合反应
|
多叠氮,多炔烃
|
144,145
|
Diels-Alder反应
|
炔烃,环戊二烯酮
|
146-148
|
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